Hka lum ai n-gang

Heat hpe hkam sharang lu ai n-gang ngu ai gaw, n-gun ja ai oxidation hpe ninghkap lu ai hte n-gun ja ai n-gun hpe tsun mayu ai. Nbung katsi ai lam hpe n-gun ja ai hku hkam sharang lu na matu, nbung katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam kaba ai gaw ahkyak ai masa rai nga ai. N-gun ja ai nbung hte kaga oxidation makau grup yin hta steel daw ni, oxygen hte steel ntsa na chemical reaction ni gaw iron oxide layer amyu myu hpe byin shangun ai, oxide layer gaw grai n-gun n rawng ai, n-gang a npawt nhpang arawn alai ni hpe sum mat ai, hkrat sum na matu loi ai. Dai n-gang a n-gun ja ai nbung laru hpe n-gun ja hkra galaw na matu, oxide a hkrang hpe galai shai na matu, n-gang hta alloy elements ni hpe n-gang hta bang da ai. Masha law malawng lang ai alloy elements ni gaw chromium, silicon, aluminium ni hte kaga ni rai nga ai. Shanhte gaw oxygen hte n-gun ja ai, n-gun ja ai oxide layer (sh) passivation layer Cr2O3, SiO2, shing nrai Al2O3 hpe hpaw nna, n-gang hpe grau nna n-gun n rawng hkra makawp maga na matu galaw ma ai. Chromium, silicon hte aluminum a n-gun hpe jat bang da ai, n-gang a n-gun kaba ai oxidation resistance mung kaja ai, raitim silicon hte aluminum a n-gun hpe grai law hkra jat bang ai rai yang, n-gang a jak rung atsam hte galaw shapraw ai lam gaw grau sawng wa na re. Dai majaw, chromium hpe madung alloy element, silicon, aluminum hku nna chromium hte rau katsi ai n-gun hpe n-gun n-ja ai n-gang hte karum shingtau ai lam hku nna, kadun ai hku tsun ga nga yang, n-gang a n-gun kaba ai oxidation resistance gaw chemical n-gun hte sha seng nga ai.
Katsi ai n-gun ja ai gaw, nbung katsi ai aten hta aten galu na jak lit hpe hkam sharang lu ai atsam hpe tsun mayu ai. N-gun kaba ai jak rung npu hta n-gun gaw n-gun ja ai, ngu ai gaw, n-gun yawm wa ai hte maren yawm wa ai. Lahkawng ngu na gaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun yawm wa ai gaw, crystal slip hte mam lamu ga jarit n-gun yawm ai majaw byin pru wa ai. Alloying ladat hpe n-gun ja ai n-gun hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu lang chye ai. Dai hta n-ga, atom ni a lapran na matut mahkai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu hte kaja ai uhpung langai byin tai wa hkra, n-gang hta alloy elements ni hpe jat bang na matu mung rai nga ai. chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vandium, titanium, etc. ni hpe jat bang ai gaw, n-gang a matrix hpe n-gun ja shangun lu ai, recrystallization a nbung hpe grau kaja hkra galaw lu ai, raitim, Cr23C6, VC, TiC, etc. zawn re ai jat wa ai phase carbide (sh) intermetallic compounds ni hpe mung galaw lu ai. yak hkak ai lam. Nickel hpe jat bang ai, madung gaw austenite hpe lu la na matu re. Austenite gaw ferrite hta lawm ai atom ni hta grau nna ni htep hkra lajang da ai, internatomic binding n-gun gaw ngang kang ai majaw atom diffusion hpe yak hkak ai. Dai majaw austen a n-gun grai ja ai gaw grau kaja ai. N-gun ja ai n-gun hpe n-gun ja ai n-gun gaw, chemical n-gun hte sha n-ga, tissue hte mung seng ai hpe mu lu ai.