Al2O3 hpe 310S casting galaw ai lam hpe bang ai. Shanhte n law wa yang, interfacial tension yawm wa nna, shanhte hpe yeng seng kau na matu grau yak wa ai. Deoxidation arung arai ni a chemical bond grau n-gun ja wa ai, hka lim ai shara grau law wa ai, kahkyin gumdin lam grau law wa ai, liquid steel hte shanhte a chemical matut mahkai lam hpe n-gun yawm wa ai hpe sakse madun da ai. Dai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun law law nga yang pyi, n-gang kaw nna slag layer de grai lawan ai hku lwi lu ai, ngu ai gaw, n-gun ja ai deoxidizer deoxidizing galaw ai arung arai ni law law nga ai, ngu ai gaw, n-gun ja ai deoxidizer deoxidizing arung arai ni law law nga ai. Melting rate gaw charge a chemical composition hta mung madung nga ai. 0.20% carbon steel a hkam sharang ai lam gaw magri hta na 6 lang rai nna, 0.90% carbon n-gun gaw magri hta l4 lang rai nga ai. Dai mara hpe Joule a tara hku nga yang, hka leng a lahkawng ngu na circuit hku nna sawn la mai ai: b. Carbon law ai, phosphorus n law ai. Slag picking galaw na matu license jaw ai masa n nga yang, ndai aten hta powder spraying dephosphoration hpe jai lang ai hta n-ga, decarbonization boiling hpe mung lang mai ai, decarbonization hta dephosphoration hpe mung jai lang mai ai. Steel castings ni gaw cast steel hte galaw da ai daw ni rai nna, cast iron hte bung ai raitim, cast iron hta grau n-gun ja ai. Casting hta, steel castings ni gaw porosity n kaja ai lam ni hte Angle positioning n teng n man ai zawn re ai n kaja ai lam ni byin chye ai, dai gaw aten galu lang ai shaloi shell fracture byin wa chye ai. Hkum hkrang n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai n-gup magap hpe hkum tsup hkra n-gun n-rawng hkra galaw na matu, calcium carbide slag hpe 20 ~ 30min daram tawn da ra ai. Calcium carbide slag hpe lang nna n-gang galaw ai rai yang, slag kata na free carbon gaw n-gang a ngut sai carbon hpe mung galaw ya na re. Calcium carbide slag hpe n-gun kya ai calcium carbide slag hku garan nna (CaC21 ~ 1.5%) hte n-gun ja ai calcium carbide slag (CaC22 ~ 4%) hku garan nna, calcium carbide n bung ai majaw re.
310S corrosion hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang n-gang ni a akyu langai gaw, hkrang shapraw ai lam hpe n-gun jaw ai lam rai nga ai. Casting ni a hkrang hte kaba ai hpe hkrang shapraw ai lam, grau nna, n bung ai hkrang hte hollow daw ni lawm ai daw ni hpe, core byin pru wa ai laklai ai ladat hku nna galaw mai ai. Shi a hkrang hte hkrang galai shai ai lam gaw grai loi ai, sumla ka ai kaw nna ngut sai product galai shai ai lawan ai lam du hkra grai lawan ai, lawan ai hku quotation mahtai hpe lu la na matu hte delivery time hpe kadun hkra galaw ya lu ai. Hkrang hte hkum tsup ai hkrang shapraw ai lam a stress concentration factor hte maren, n-gun n-gun hpe mung madun dan ai: Raitim, molten steel a nbung katsi ai lam gaw n htum n wai grai tsaw ai n mai byin ai, hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun kaba ai nbung katsi ai lam gaw, raw materials hte wan n-gun law law hpe jahten kau ya ai sha n-ga, furnace lining hpe grai ahkyak ai hku jahten kau ya ai. Wan n-gun kaba ai wan wut ai wan wut a matu, n-gun kaba ai hte yak hkak ai katsi ai lam ni a majaw, nbung katsi ai n-gang zawn rai na matu loi ai (sh) shayawm ai bungli galaw ai lam hte n-gang hpe hkra machyi shangun ai. C. Carbon n law ai, phosphorus n law ai.
Molten pool a lawan ai hku katsi mat na hpe koi lu na matu, n-gup magap hpe hka htung ni hta jat bang ra ai, batch langai hpra hta 1.0% kaw nna L.5% daram gaw molten steel a n-gun hte jat bang ra ai, dai nlung a shawng na batch a bai htang ai lam gaw n-gun yawm wa hpang wa ai shaloi, hpang na n-gup magap hpe minit 5 kaw nna 7 lapran aten hta jat bang ra ai. Molten pool a bung ai hte grai ja ai hka lum ai lam hpe madung hku nna ore jat bang ai hte interval aten hpe matut manoi tawn da ai hku nna hkang lu ai. Molten pool a temperature grai law ai shaloi, ore jat ai rate grai lawan ai n mai byin ai. Furnace chyinghka hte electrode hka htung hta n-gun ja ai wan pru wa yang, n-gup magap (sh) n-gang n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-nga hkra, n-gup hpe pat kau ra ai. Steel casting metallurgical galaw shapraw ai lam gaw ngang kang ai galai shai lam hte galai shai ai lam ni nga ai, bungli masing amyu myu a ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe hkan nna, n bung ai tsi mawan hte hkrang masa hpe hkang lu ai; Dai gaw, nbung laru hpe tsi lajang ai lam amyu myu hku nna, jak rung atsam hte daw jau ai lam ni hpe lata la mai ai, kaja ai welding atsam ni hte galaw shapraw ai atsam ni nga ai. Molybdenum gaw tungsten steel law law hta tungsten a daw hpe composition hta galai shai ya lu ai majaw, dai hta lawm ai arung arai ni hpe grai sadi maja let myit maju jung ra ai. Kalang lang, hka htung kata na hydrogen law ai majaw, n-gang hta rawng ai n-gun grai law ai majaw, lawu na hte maren rawt jat wa na re: hka n-gun hpe shaw kau na, aluminum atik anang shapraw kau ai n-gun loi mi hpe shaw kau nna, dai hka htung hpe deoxidisation gawm kata de sumnung shingdi ai hku bang da ai, n rawt jat ai rai yang, n kaja ai deoxidation hpe madun ai; Ya du hkra rawt jat wa yang, n-gang hta lawm ai hydrogen n-gun grau law ai.
Dai hpe madi madun ra ai, dai gaw, hka htung kata de hka lim ai (sh) CO gas gaw kaja ai hka htung hpe shapraw ya lu ai, raitim, n-gang kata na n san seng ai lam ni a oxidation hpe n hparan ya lu ai, n san seng ai lam law law a oxidation gaw oxygen hta madung nga ai. Dai majaw, oxidation aten laman hta, n-gun n rawng ai hka htung de oxygen n jaw ai rai yang, argon (sh) CO gas hpe shi hkrai n mai gap ai, liquid steel gaw grai n san seng na re. Cast steel material a isotropy hte cast steel a n-gun ja ai hkrang gaw engineering kam hpa mai ai lam hpe shabyin ya ai. Dai hta n-ga, shi a manu hte sut masa hta shingjawng ai lam hta n-gun n law ai majaw, n-gun n law ai hkrang shapraw ai lam hte aten kadun sha sa ya ai majaw re. Mali ngu na daw: n-gun n law ai shara na charge stage hpe hka ja ai. Dai three-phase arc gaw point heat source hte bung nna, daw langai hte langai a thermal radiation gaw n bung ai majaw, wan wut ai shara hta nbung katsi ai lam garan ginhka ai lam gaw n bung ai. Madung hku nna, charge hka lim ai lam gaw electrode a lawu kaw lawan ai hte 2# electrode makau na hot spot area hta gaw, chyinghka makau na npu na nbung katsi ai shara, n-gang pru ai shara hte l# furnace a bunghku ntsa hta n-gun yawm ai. Mali ngu na daw gaw madung hku nna ndai daw ni hta charge hpe melt galaw na matu re.
Practice gaw, n-gun rawng ai oxygen hpe n-gun jaw ai hte aten dep galaw shapraw ai gaw, hka ntsa e hpring tsup hkra lawm lu ai hpe sakse madun da ai. Oxygen blowing galaw ngut ai hpang, oxygen lwi ai action a majaw, molten pool gaw daw mi hka ja nga ai, dai gaw n-gun rawng ai lam ni hpe n-gun jaw ai hte hka ntsa e lwi nga ai. Ndai slag gaw dephosphoration galaw na matu akyu rawng ai sha n-ga, nonmetallic ni hpe mung atsawm sha hkap la lu ai. mali, hka lim ai aten hpe n-gun jaw ai aten ladaw hpe hkrak hkrak galaw ai aten ladaw hta, n-gang kata na phosphorus 50% kaw nna 70% du hkra, oxidation aten hta ngam nga ai ngam nga ai phosphorus hpe slag hte steel, slag flow lapran na interface reaction hku nna, slag nnan galaw ai (sh) powder spraying dephosphoration hte kaga ladat ni hpe lang nna, matut nna yeng seng kau lu ai. Steel casting ni a n-gun gaw, n-gun kaba ai shara ni hta n bung ai. Kaji ai n-gun gaw, gumhpraw bang ai lam hpe hkrak hkra galaw ai grams shi daram sha mai byin ai, n-gang kaba ni a n-gun gaw ton law law, ton shi (sh) latsa jan pyi rai mai ai.
310S casting galaw ai lam gaw n-gun n rawng ai n-gun n rawng ai n-gun n rawng ai. Dai ntsin hpe n-gup de bang ngut ai hpang, n-gup magap hpe n-gup magap n-gup magap hte shawng na layer gaw lawan ladan n-gun rawng ai n-gun yawm mat ai majaw, lawan ai hku ngang kang wa ai. Die bunghku kaw nna tsan ai shara kaw, die bunghku a n-gun gaw loi loi hte n-gun yawm wa nna, crystals ni gaw, di bunghku hte dingyang nga ai maga de langai hte langai bung ai columnar crystals ni hku nna kaba wa ai. Casting a lapran kaw, heat dissipation gaw ahkyak ai lam n nga ai, langai hte langai du hkra maga shagu de rawt jat wa lu ai majaw, equiaxed crystal area hpe hpaw ya ai. Casting kata na structure gaw langai sha n re ai hpe mu lu ai, madung hku tsun ga nga yang, mam gaw grau law ai. Ndai aten hta, Stokes formula hpe lawu na formula hku nna asan sha galaw mai ai: V=Kr2 i. Power supply hpe hpaw hpang ai hpang charge hpe melt galaw ai gaw, melting aten a npawt nhpang rai nga ai, charge a melting gaw lahkawng ngu na shara kaw nga ai, charge amyu shagu hpe garan gachyan ai lam gaw hkam la mai ai rai ra ai.
Hpaga lam law law hpe kadun dawk tsun dan da ai: carbon n-gun kaba ai, hka n-gun kaja ai, n-gang n-gun yawm ai, carbon n-gun n law ai nbung katsi ai lam grau law ra ai; Chromium n-gun kaba ai zawn re ai, n-gang n-gun grau law ai, n-gun n-gun n-gun (sh) n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (sh) n-gun rawng ai arung arai ni, silicon n-gang law ai, mangase n-gun kaba ai n-gang (sh) mangase kaba ai silicon n-gang, n-gang n-gun n-gun yawm ai, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun yawm ra ai; Dai majaw, n-gun ja ai n-gun hte n san seng ai lam ni lawm ai, n-gun kaba ai n-gun hpe hkang lu ai atsam grau law ra ai, general alloy steel a temperature hpe hkang lu ai gaw grau yawm ra ai. Tissue gaw n-gun n rawng ai. Liquid metal a crystallization hpe lakung ni rawt jat wa ai majaw galaw nna, lakung lakying ni a lapran na ntsin ja gaw grau sawng wa ai. Raitim, branch yawng hpe magri hte jahpring na matu yak ai majaw, casting ni a general n htap htuk ai lam byin wa ai. Dai hta n-ga, hka htung kata de bang da ai ntsin n-gun gaw, n-gun n rawng ai sha, katsi ai hte ngang kang ai aten hta, n-gun yawm mat yang, n-gun yawm mat ai (sh) n-gun yawm mat chye ai. Cast iron hta graphite gaw grau kaba ai n-gun, ball (sh) kaga hkrang ni hta law law lang dan dawng wa ai, dai hpe n-gun n rawng ai hkrang langai hku nna mung sawn la mai ai. Ndai zawn re ai n-gang galaw ai a akyu gaw, molten steel hpe slag hte makawp maga lu ai, dai gaw molten n-gang a n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu ai sha n-ga, molten steel a secondary oxidation hte suction hpe mung hkang lu ai. Dai hta n-ga, n-gang hta n-gun n rawng ai n-gun n rawng ai ni hpe n-gun n rawng ai hku bang da ai hpe slag hku nna tup hkrak kashin kau lu ai, dai gaw hka ntsa e lwi ai hte shaw kau na matu karum ya lu ai, n-gup n-gu hte matut nna deoxidized galaw nna desulfurized galaw mai ai. Dai majaw, ndai zawn re ai n-gang gaw grau law ai.
Corrosion hpe ninghkap lu ai castings ni a ntsa gaw n-gun n rawng ai. Ntsa lam gaw madung hku nna n-gun n rawng ai majaw, jak hte galaw da ai ntsa hte n mai shingdaw ai, hkrang gaw grau sawng ai. Madung hku nna, magri oxides law malawng gaw, M0 a 4800℃, hte M003 ngu ai M0 a hka ja ai shara zawn re ai, n-gun rawng ai shara hta lwi nga ai. Dai majaw, n-gun n rawng ai shara gaw, ll00℃sha rai nga ai, dai majaw, metal oxide law law hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ai gaw, dai element hpe direct hku n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ai. Hka lim ai aten hta wan wut chyinghka (sh) electrode hka htung kaw na pru wa ai wan hkut hte ga nhpu ni hta magri oxides law law nga ai, law malawng gaw Fe203 rai nga ai. Ndai lam gaw, magri gaw charge hta garan ginhka ai lam hpe hkam la ai majaw rai nna, liquid iron a vapor pressure mung kaba ai majaw, melting aten laman wan hkut hte nhprang arai ni hprawng mat ai gaw, law malawng gaw brownish red red re.
