Hka lum ai n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe tsun ai shaloi, nbung katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai hte nbung n-gun grai ja ai steel hpe tsun mayu ai
Nbung laru kaba hta bungli galaw lu na matu, nbung katsi ai hpe ninghkap ai lam grai law ai. oxidation makau grup yin ni hta, nbung laru kaba ai nbung zawn, oxygen hte n-gun n-gun hpe hkam la ai gaw, magri oxide layer amyu myu hpe shabyin ya ai. Dai oxide layer gaw grai n-gun n rawng ai, n-gang a shawng na arawn alai ni hpe sum mat nna, hkrat sum na matu loi ai. N-gang a nbung katsi ai hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu, oxides a hkrang hpe galai shai na matu, alloy elements ni hpe n-gang hta bang da ai.
Dai hta n-ga, n-gang hpe makawp maga na matu, n-gang a ntsa e chromium, silicon, aluminum, etc. ni lawm ai. Chromium, silicon, aluminium ni law law jat wa ai, n-gang a n-gun grai ja ai gaw grau kaja ai. Raitim, silicon hte aluminum ni grai law ai rai yang, n-gang a jak rung atsam hte n-gun n-gun hpe shayawm kau na re. Dai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai n-gang n-gang ni gaw, chromium hpe madung alloy element hte silicon hte aluminum hku nna jai lang ai.
